亚热带城市水源地受损河岸植物群落修复方法研究

Rehabilitation method of plant community in the damaged reverside of subtropical waterhead

为探索河流生态修复的理论和技术,该文采用生态工程原理与技术研究了亚热带城市水源地受损河岸植物群落的修复方法,以植物种类组成、盖度、生物多样性为指标对修复效果进行了验证.结果表明,构建后的实验河段经过2年(亚热带生长季远长于温带或寒温带)的恢复后,成功地恢复了河岸乡土植物群落,优化了植物群落的结构.上游植物群落修复区(A-1区)通过乡土种的自然侵入,恢复了河岸植物群落;中游植物群落修复区(A-2区)通过建群种与自然侵入植物种间的竞争机制,构建了以茭白为优势种的河岸植物带;下游植物群落修复区(A-3区)增加芦苇和茭白的栽植密度以促使其不断扩张,形成了具有净化水质能力的河流湿地植物群落区.与对照区(B区)相比,A-1区、A-2区、A-3区的物种数和生物多样性都有了很大的提高,3个区河岸近水区的物种数到2006年分别增加到24、26、23种,河岸远水区增加到161、7、14种,而B区河岸近水区2006年仅为14种,河岸远水区12种;3个区的植物群落总盖度都达到了95%以上,对照区仅为55%左右.该研究变革了传统水利工程的设计理念,使治河不仅考虑到传统的工程安全和经济性,还应基于生态学原理进行水利工程设计,为治河理念提供了一个新的视点.

To explore the principles and techniques of ecological rehabilitation of the engineering principle and technology were used to study the rehabilitation methods of communities in subtropical waterhead of Tian-xia rivers, the ecological damaged riverside plant River. The authors validated the rehabilitation effects by the structure of species, coverage and biodiversity of plant communities. Results showed that native plant community was rehabilitated successfully and the structure of plant community was optimized in the experimental zone, which had been rehabilitated after two years＇ naural succession （the subtropical plant growth period was longer than that of the temperate and cooi temperate zones）. Through the natural invasion of native plant species, the plant community was rehabilitated in upstream plant community rehabilitation zone （A-1 zone）;through the competition mechanism between the dominant species and invaded plant species, riverside plant zone dominated by Zizania aquatica rehabilitation zone （ A-2 zone ） ; through increasing the was constructed planting density in midstream of Phragmites plant community australis and Z. aquatica to accelerate their outspread, the plant community having the ability to decontaminate constructed in downstream plant community rehabilitation zone（A-3 zone）. Compared with the co water was ntrast zone （zone B）,the improvement of species and biodeverisity was obvious in zones A-1, A-2 and A-3. In 2006, the species of bottom riverside in the three above experimental zones had been increased to 24,26,23, and 16, 17,14 in the top riverside, but in contrast zone, the species of the bottom riverside was only 14, and that of the top riverside was 12 only. The coverage was over 95% in all experimental zones, but that in contrast zone was only about 55 %. This research transforms the design principle of the traditional hydraulic engineering, makes the river renovated not only considering the traditional project safety and economic properties, but also promoting the design principles of the hydraulic engineering based on the ecological principle, and provides a new angle of view for exploring the new principle of the river renovation.