2Mckee PA, Castell WP, Mcnamara PM, et al. The natural history of congestive heart failure: the framingham study. N Engl Med, 1971,285 (26):1444
3Metra M, Nodari S, D' Aloia A, et al, Effects of neurohormonal antagonism on symptoms and quality-of-life in heart failure. Eur Heart J, 1998 (Suppl B) :25
4陈灏珠．实用内科学[M]．第12版．北京：人民卫生出版社，2004，1572—1575.
5Collaborative Group of “Key National Medical Projects for the Ninth Five Year Plan Research” (Correspondence: YANG Yingzhen, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai Medical University,Shanghai 200032).急性病毒性心肌炎的药物治疗观察[J].中华心血管病杂志,1999,27(6):413-415. 被引量：95
1Zakirova AN, Abdiukova ER. Effect of beta-adrenoblockers on remodeling of myocardium and adhesive function of endothelium in patients with ischemic heart disease, complicated with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation[J]. Kardiologiia, 2010,50(3): 11-15.
2Castro PF, Mc-Nab P, Quintana JC, et al. Effects of carxedilol upon intra- and interventricular synchrony in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Am Cardiol, 2005, 96(2): 267-269.
3Vittorio TJ, Zolty R.Kasper ME, et al. Differential effects of carvedilol and metoprolol succinate on plasma norepinephrine release and peak exercise heart rate in subjects with chronic heart failure[J]. Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, 2008,13(1):51-57.
4Toyama T, Hoshizaki H, Yoshimura Y, et al. Combined therapy with carvedilol and amiodarone is more effective in improving cardiac symptoms, function and sympathetic nerve actively in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison with carvedilol therapy alone[J]. Nucl Cardiol, 2008,15(1):57-64.
