玉米秸秆还田对小麦根部病害化感作用的模拟研究

Simulation of Allelopathy in Maize Straw Returning on Root Disease of Wheat

在不同时期提取玉米秸秆腐解液,并通过测定其对小麦种子萌发、幼苗株高、茎叶干重、根干重等生长指标及对小麦纹枯病、全蚀病、根腐病病原菌的影响,室内模拟研究了还田玉米秸秆对小麦根部病害的化感作用。结果表明玉米秸秆腐解液对小麦种子萌发、根干重均具有抑制作用,且随腐解液浓度增加抑制作用增强,高浓度腐解液对小麦幼苗株高、茎叶干重的抑制作用较强。小麦根系活力随玉米秸秆腐解液浓度增高而降低,不同时期提取的腐解液对三种小麦根病病原菌菌丝生长具有不同程度的抑制作用。

Maize straw residue was decomposed under laboratory conditions, and filtered at different time. The decomposed liquid was tested for bioassay. It was found that the inhibitory effects of maize straw decomposed liquid on height of wheat seedling, dry weight of stem and leaf were strong when the concentration of decomposed liquid was high. All concentrations of decomposed liquid suppressed the germination of wheat seeds and dry weight of root. Root activity in TTC reduction of wheat became low when the concentration of decomposed liquid arranged from low to high. The maize straw decomposed liquid filtered at different time showed inhibition to the pathogens of Rhizoctonia cereali Vander Hoeven, Gaeumannomyces graminis （Sacc.） Arxer Oliver, Bipolaris sorokiniana （Sacc.） Shoem. to some degree.