建国初期苏联援建国营友谊农场的积极意义

Positive Significance of the State-owned Friendship farm set up with the Aid of the former USSR in the Earlier Days of the PRC

20世纪50年代,由苏联提供全部农机设备,派来不同层次专家援建的国营友谊农场,是新中国第一个按照先勘探、后设计、再开荒的科学程序建立的大型机械化国营农场,开荒当年获得丰收。它的建立,引入了土地整理和国营农场建设、管理的技术与经验;为中国大规模建设国营农场培养、锻炼和输出大批经营管理干部和技术人才,提供大量农业技术和良种;并在建场规划、开荒生产和经营管理等方面对全国国营农场建设起到示范和借鉴作用,达到了周恩来总理提出的“出粮食、出经验、出人才”的要求。

The state-owned friendship farm was set up in China in the 1950s, of which all the farming machinery and experts were provided by the former USSR. First of this kind, it was a large-scale stateowned mechanization farms, and its establishment followed scientific procedures of reconnoiter, design and exploitation. Bumper harvest was seen in the first year. The establishment of such a farm resulted in the introduction of technology and experiences for the construction and management of state-owned farms. It also cultivated a large number of managerial cadres and technicians for setting up more state-owned farms nationwide. At the same time agricultural technology and picked seeds were also introduced. All this set a good example for later establishment of state-owned farms in China in terms of planning, exploitation and management. Accordingly, the requirements put forward by Premier Zhou Enlai were fulfilled that such farms should bring grain, experiences and experts as well.