新农村建设中农民生计问题的调查与思考

Discussion about the Problem of the Livelihood of Farmers in Building New Countryside

借鉴先进的国际理念,解决中国农民的生计问题,是当前中国政府和中国人民新农村建设中最为关注的大问题。笔者利用2006年夏季山西省西北四县的抽样调查数据,对农民生计的可持续性需求进行调查分析。分析结果表明:目前农民生计问题的严峻性和严重性。其形成的原因:自然条件导致粗放的谋生方式;农村人口增长和不合理的生产、生活方式导致农村土地和生态退化。在新农村建设过程中,解决农民生计问题的影响结果:阻止土地、生态退化;不断满足农民生产、生活的需求。“环境资产的产权赋予农民”、“确定政府与农民的交易量”和“政府给予农民的补偿必须解决信息不对称问题”是解决农民生计问题的三大出发点。

According to the advanced international idea, we resolve the problem of farmer livelihood is very important in new countryside. This paper made use of sampling investigation data in northwest Shanxi Province and analyze farmer livelihood. We discover some severe and serious problem. It is reason that natural condition leads to rough earning a living way and the population is increased and unreasonable way lead to the degeneration of land and zoology. It is important result to arrest the degeneration of land and zoology in building new countryside and satisfy farmer demand. Three are ways of resolving farmer livelihood. We should give farmer the property of the environment assets; ensure the volume of business between the government and farmer and resolve the problem of the information asymmetry that the government gives farmer compensation.