人工针叶用材林生态系统涵养水源功能的研究

Ecological function of artificial coniferous timber forests in water conservation

从树冠截留降雨、枯落物持水及土壤蓄水三个方面对辽东山区人工针叶用材林生态系统的涵养水源功能进行了定量研究。结果表明：各人工纠叶用材林生态系统树冠的截流率为18．3％～28．5％；枯落物贮量为10．1—19．4t·hm^-2，枯落物最大持水量取决于枯落物贮量及其最大持水率，最大持水率为自身干重的1．5—2．5倍；0～40cm土层的土壤蓄水量为840～1520t·hm^-2。综合分析表明：6种人工针叶用材林的涵养水源功能主要决定于土壤蓄水量．树冠截留雨水和枯落物持水起辅助和调节作用，其中．长白落叶松林的涵养水源功能最强，其次是华山松林、日本落叶松林、红松林、油松林，而云杉林的涵养水源功能相对最弱。

Water conservation function of six artificial coniferous timber forests were analyzed from three aspects, the crown interception, litter - holding and soll water storage in eastern mountainous area of Liaoning, China. The result indicated that interception rate of each artificial coniferous timber forest is 18.3 % - 28.5 % ; litter storage is 10.1 - 19.4 t· hm^-2 , maximum moisture capacity of litter depends on its storage and the maximum water- holding rate, and maximum water - holding rate is 1.5 to 2.5 times for itself dr）, weight; Water - holding capacity of 0 - 40cm soil layer is 840- 1 520 t· hm^-2 . The generalized analysis indicated that, function of the coniferous timber forest in water conservation decides in soll water storage mainly, canopy interception and litter- holding water play a supporting and regulatory role. Among the six forests, Olga hay larch furest is the strongest in water conservation, next are Armand pine, Japanese larch forest, Korean pine forest, Chinese pine forest, but spruce forest is the weakest.