蔗田综合利用的理论和实践

Theory and Practice of Total Utilization of Sugarcane Field

我国主产蔗区人多地少,为提高土地利用率,必须进行蔗田综合利用;为增强甘蔗与对抗作物在生产面积上的竞争能力,也必须进行蔗田综合利用;蔗田又具有综合利用的优势和潜力;因此蔗田综合利用是甘蔗生产发展的必然趋势。目前我国蔗田综合利用已发展到成为立体农业的一种模式——蔗田立体农业。其主要特征是多物种结合、时空结合、多层次利用,以获取单位面积蔗田最高经济效益为最终目的。蔗田立体农业模式之所以能高产高效益的原理,概括起来:1、充分地提高了土地利用率和光能利用率;2、增加物质的转化次数,提高物质的转化率;3、充分利用多物种生物间相生相克的生物效应。几年来我国各主产蔗区创造了多种多样的蔗田综合利用模式,并在生产上推广应用。苗期间套种1—2季蔬菜、瓜类、豆类、烟草,中期套养草菇,中后期套养蘑菇、香菇、黑木耳、平菇等。并试验在蔗行挖沟养鱼。都取得了显著的经济效益。

Recently,total utilization of sugarcane field in our main sugarcane areas has been becoming more and more important.Cane growers as well as sugarcane scientists and technologists through experi- ments and practices create a new pattern of total utilization of sugarcane field,which is sure to bring out better harvest of cane and its intercrops and accordingly better profits.I should like to introduce some typical examples and their significance as follows. Total utilization of sugarcane field is the necessary tendency for the development of sugarcane in- dustry.The new pattern is so called a four dimensional pattern because it consists of three dimensions of space and one dimension of time.It is a spacial cultivation of intercrops between cane rows all the year around.There are several advantages as follows: 1.It fully raises the land utility rate as well as photosynthetic rate. 2.It increases the rate of material transformation rate. 3.It makes use of the biological cooperation and biological.competition to the best extent. These latest several years there are many new models of intercropping systems coming out.Con- clusively,there are one to two intercrops of green vegetables,cucumbers,beans or tabacco in the early season,straw mushroom(Volvariella velvacea)intercrop in the mid-season and french mushroom (Agaricus bisporus),shii-take(lentinus edodes),oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sapidus)or jew's ear(Auricularia auricula)in the mid-late season.Dike and pond system intergrow- ing with cane and fish is under trial.