崩落法开采时复杂顶板的崩落过程分析

Analysis of Complex Roof Caving Process in Mining by Caving Method

在分析崩落法开采中顶板围岩崩落的基本条件后,从岩体工程质量、初始地应环境、空区的形态与充填状态等方面分析了顶板崩落的影响因素。结合程潮铁矿顶板崩落过程的监测结果,分析了顶板岩体的崩落过程,得出了完整的顶板空区发展过程图。研究结果表明,软硬岩体交错分布,软弱不连续面的存在是引起顶板崩落呈间歇性、突发性地发展的原因。与层状顶板崩落过程类似,在组成复杂顶板的岩体中,存在稳定性好的关键结构体,顶板的崩落过程受关键结构体控制。

Based on the analysis of the basic conditions for the roof strata caving in the mining by caving method, the factors influencing the roof caving, such as the rockmass engineering quality, in-situ stress, shape of cavity and its filling state, were analyzed. In combination with the monitoring results of the roof caving process in Chengchao Iron Mine, the roof strata caving process was analyzed, obtaining a complete roof cavity development process sketch. The results demonstrate that the interlaced presences of weak and hard rock and the existence of weak discontinuities are the reason that overlying strata collapse intermittently and abruptly. Similar to the caving process of layered roof strata, in the complex roof strata there are key structural blocks that have good stability in the complex roof strata, which control the roof strata caving process.