水在广西花山岩画风化病害中的作用及其防治对策

The effect of water on the weathering damage of Huashan rock paintings in Guangxi and its prevention

花山岩画位于广西壮族自治区宁明县,其保存环境特征是高温潮湿多雨,花山岩画受环境因素作用,岩画颜料及岩石风化明显,风化类型复杂多样,有化学风化、物理风化和生物风化,同时存在、相互影响。它们均与水分有着直接的或间接的关系,因此水的防治是治理岩画风化病害的前提。本工作在水分来源及岩画保存地区地形地貌现场调查的基础上,通过水质分析系统研究了水在岩画风化病害过程中的作用。提出了花山岩画防水治水原则,并结合地质环境和特殊的地形地貌,将整个治水区域划分为山体山顶治水、溶蚀洼地治水、岩画立壁治水三个区域。根据其不同的渗水机制,分别采用盖、堵、排、导相结合的综合防水治水方法。由于岩画病害机理极其复杂,花山岩画防水、治水的难度很大,必须采取区别对待,综合治理的方法。

Huashan rock paintings, located in Ningming county in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, has been subjected to obvious and complicated weathering damage because of the influence of the environment which is characterized by high temperature and humidity. The chemical, physical and biological factors of weathering coexisted and affected each other. However, all of them have direct or indirect relation to water. Water prevention is therefore a precondition of treating rock - painting deterioration. Based on the survey of the source of the water and the physiognomy of the preserving region, together with water quality analysis, a systemic study of the water＇ s effect on the weathering damage was carried out and the principles of water control in the Huashan Mountain were suggested. According to the geological condition and special physiognomy, the area was classified into three parts for water control ： the top of the mountain, the dissolved depression and the cliffs supporting the rock paintings. Covering, plugging, draining and channeling have been proposed based on different mechanisms of water penetration. The water prevention of the Huashan rock paintings is a difficult task because of the complex mechanism of weathering damage. Different methods should thus be adopted according to different conditions.