婴儿行为与气质关系的探讨

The relationship between temperament and behavior in infants

为了探讨婴儿的气质（ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｍｅｎｔ）与行为的关系，采用ＲＩＴＱ（ｒｅｖｉｓｅｄｉｎｆａｎｔｔｅｍｐｅｒａ－ｍｅｎｔｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎａｉｒｅ）问卷法对４００名４～８个月婴儿的气质进行综合评定，并对其行为进行调查。结果表明，在有和无肠绞痛、屏气发作、夜醒及吮指的婴儿中，其部分气质因子得分存在显著差异；Ｓ及Ｄ型气质婴儿肠绞痛、屏气发作、夜醒的发生率较高；Ｅ型气质婴儿吮指的发生率最高；气质因子中情绪对婴儿行为的影响最为显著。提示紧张焦虑的情绪是促发肠绞痛、屏气发作及夜醒的原因；吮指可能是婴儿调节自身情绪的一种方式。

To explore the relationship between temperament and behavior in infants, we used revised infant temperament questionaire (RITQ) as the tool for rating the temperament comprehensively and investigated the behavior traits of 400 infants aged 4～8 months. Significant differences were found between infants with and without colic, breath holding, night waking and thumb sucking in some temperament dimensions. Among the influential factors, mood was significantly associated with infants behavior. Infants rated as having 'D type' and 'S type' were significantly more likely to be reported as having colic, breath holding and night waking; but the rate of thumb sucking was especially high in 'E type'. The results indicated that infants anxiousness would be a predisposing factor for the occurrence of colic, breath holding and night waking. Infants might adjust their emotions through sucking their thumb.