雪旺细胞和生物蛋白胶构建组织工程神经的初步研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TISSUE ENGINEERED NERVE CONSTRUCTED BY SCHWANN CELLS AND FIBRIN GLUE

目的研究雪旺细胞-生物蛋白胶复合物构建组织工程神经,修复周围神经缺损的效果。方法取4周龄新西兰兔瓦勒变性坐骨神经,采用组织块反复种植培养法培养雪旺细胞,分离纯化,并用S-100蛋白免疫组织化学染色鉴定。收集已纯化的雪旺细胞,配制成1×10^6/ml的细胞悬液,加入生物蛋白胶制成雪旺细胞-生物蛋白胶复合物,倒置相差显微镜观察雪旺细胞生长情况。将雪旺细胞-生物蛋白胶复合物填充于硅胶管（A组）和生物膜（B组）内,构建组织工程神经,分别移植桥接修复2月龄新西兰大白兔左侧10mm胫神经缺损（n=8）;C组（n=8）作自体神经移植。术后10周,行实验动物大体观察、神经电生理检测、移植体大体解剖和组织学观察。结果所有动物均存活至实验完成。术后3～4周A组所有动物左侧足底均出现溃疡,B、C组小部分动物出现足底溃疡。10周,神经电生理检测发现A组所有神经移植体未能传导电刺激;B、C组所有移植体均能传导电刺激引起腓肠肌的动作电位,两组动作电位振幅和神经传导速度分别为4.21±0.82mV、33.40±5.40m/s和4.80±1.15mV、36.55±6.43m/s,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。A组所有神经移植体内未见神经纤维长入,两端均有神经瘤形成;B、C组无明显神经瘤形成,B组整段神经移植体内有神经纤维长入。组织学观察示B、C组再生神经的新生轴突形态无明显区别,均接近正常神经组织。结论用生物膜包裹雪旺细胞-生物蛋白胶复合物,构建组织工程神经,能够促进神经再生,其修复效果接近于自体神经移植,具有临床应用前景。

Objective To investigate the outcome of repairing the peripheral nerve defects with the tissue engineered nerve constructed by Schwann cells and fibrin glue. Methods Wallerian degenerated sciatic nerve were harvested from the 4-week-old New Zealand rabbits for culture of Schwann cells. The Schwann cells were then separated, amplified and purified, and then were identified by the S-100 protein immunochemical staining. The cultured Schwann cells （1 × 10^6/ml） were mixed with fibrin glue to form the Schwann cell-fibrin glue compound, which was observed by the inverted phase contrast microscope. The compound filled some silicone tubes （Group A） and biomembrane （Group B） to fabricate the tissue engineered nerves with a purpose of repairing the 10-mm defects in the New Zealand rabbit tibia nerves. The autologous nerve grafting was performed in Group C. The electrophysiological examination and the histomorphological analysis were performed at 10 weeks after the transplantation. Results All the rabbits survived through the experiment, In Group A, all the rabbits developed an ulcer in the soles of their left feet at 3-4 weeks after the transplantation, while less ulceration developed in Groups B and C. At 10 weeks after the transplantation, the electrophysiological examination was performed, the elective stimulation failed to pass through the nerve grafts, and no composed muscular action potential was found in all the rabbits in Group A; the elective stimulation could pass through all the nerve grafts in Groups B and C, and could evoke the composed muscular action potential; the composed muscular action potential and the nerve conduct velocity in the two groups were 4.21±0. 82 mV and 3.40±5.40 m/s vs. 4.80±1.15 mV and 36.55±6.43 m/s（P〉0. 05）. In Group A, no regrown axon was found in the nerve grafts, but neuroma was found to have formed in the both ends of the silicon tube. In Groups B and C, there was no obvious neuroma formation but regrown axons could be found to have regenerated. The histomorphological analysis on the regrown axons showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Groups B and C. Conclusion The tissue engineered nerve fabricated with Schwann cells, fibrin glue, and biomembrane can promote the nerve regeneration, and its reparative effect is similar to that of the autologous nerves; therefore, the future of its clinical practice is brilliant.