犬脑积水动物模型的建立及评估

ESTABLISHMENT AND EVALUATION OF HYDROCEPHALUS MODEL IN DOGS

目的建立符合临床研究的犬脑积水模型,并对其进行评估。方法1～2岁健康雄性杂种犬12只,体重10～15kg。随机分为实验组和对照组,每组6只。均行颅脑CT及神经功能检查,排除先天性脑室扩大或神经功能异常者。手术暴露枕骨大孔区域,切开寰枕筋膜,将硅胶管置入四脑室,实验组注入硅油0.3ml/kg,对照组注入等量37℃生理盐水。术后行行为学观察及Tarlov神经功能评分,并于3、14和56d通过MRI计算Evan＇s比率,评价脑室扩大程度。结果实验组犬表现为反应迟钝、少食、行走不稳;术后3d,侧脑室扩大,呈进行性发展,14d侧脑室明显扩大,包括颞角和三脑室均明显扩大,56d脑室进一步增大,皮质变薄。对照组犬行为与术前比较无明显异常;MRI评价侧脑室小,呈裂隙状,三脑室缝状,基本不可见。实验组Tarlov评分分别为：3d时4.00±0.89,14d时4.83±1.17,56d时4.50±1.05;对照组分别为：3d时5.83±0.75,14d时,6.50±0.55,56d时6.00±0.63;两组在各时间点Tarlov评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,两组组内不同时间点差异无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。实验组Evan＇s比率分别为：3d时0.33±0.04,14d时0.39±0.06,56d时0.44±0.03;对照组分别为：3d时0.27±0.06,14d时0.25±0.09,56d时0.26±0.05;两组各时间点比较及组内不同时间点比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论四脑室注射硅油建立犬脑积水模型成功率高,是一种较适合脑积水诊断及治疗方面研究的动物模型。

Objective To establish and evaluate a hydrocephalus model in dogs. Methods Twelve healthy adult male mongrel dogs （weight, 10-15 kg） were randomly divided into the control group （n=6） and the experimental group （n=6）. All the dogs were given CT and neurological examination to exclude congenital ventricular enlargement and neurological abnormity before they received hydrocephalus induction. Surgical procedures included the exposing of the foramen magnum area, the opening of the atlantooccipita anadesma, and the injecting of silicone oil （0.3 ml/kg） into the fourth ventricle through a silicone tube. Normal saline was injected in the control group. The Tarlov neurological fitness assessment and the Evan＇s ratio were used to evaluate the degree of hydrocephalus at 3, 14 and 56 days after operation. Results In the experimental group, the dogs were dull and unsteady in walking, and they drank and ate less. The lateral ventricle began to expand 3 days after operation, and then the temple horn of the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle were also affected 14 days after operation. The ventricles were enlarged progressively after operation. The Tarlov scores measured at 3, 14 and 56 days after operation had a significant difference at the same time point between the control group （5.83 ± 0.75,6.50 ± 0.55,6.00 ± 0. 63） and the experimental group （4.00 ± 0.89, 4.83 ± 1.17,4.50± 1.05,P〈0.01）, but had no significant difference within the same group at different time points （P〉 0.05）. The Evan＇s ratios measured at 3, 14 and 56 days after operation were 0.33±0.04,0.39±0.06,0.44±0.03, respectively, in the experimental group ; and were 0. 27 ± 0.06,0. 25 ± 0.09, 0. 26 ± 0.05, respectively, in the control group. There was a significant difference at the same time point between the two groups, and at different time points within the experimental group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The dog model of hydrocephalus induced by the injecting of silicone oil into the fourth ventricle has a high success rate, and the model is appropriate for the studies on diagnosis and therapy of hydrocephalus.