俄罗斯沙棘育种概况与我国沙棘育种现状和展望

A Brief Introduction to Breeding Hippophae in Russia and Its Genetic Improvement in China

俄罗斯沙棘育种迄今已有６０余年，前后分两个阶段，即选择育种阶段和杂交育种阶段。共育出５０多个新品种。其特点是果粒大、无刺或少刺、产量高。我国沙棘育种工作起步晚，但进展快。经过１０年的努力，在沙棘群体遗传改良、个体遗传改良、引进国外良种资源、杂交育种基础性研究等方面取得了重大进展，为生产单位提供了第一代良种，并为下一步杂交育种工作打下了坚实的基础。

Hippophae breeding in Rusia has proceeded for more than 60 years. The breeding history can be divided into two periods. The first one was selection, and the second one was cross breeding. More than 50 new varieties have been selected. These varieties are large frutied, thornless or mildthorny, and high yield. Research work on Hippophae selection and breeding was conducted in China later than in Rusia, but progress was made quickly in the last 10 years, a great advancement has been made in population genetic improvement, individual genetic improvement, germplasm introduction and cross breeding. Namely, geographical provenance test, provenances selection and a study of its population phenotype structure were completed, which enables to understand differentiation and variation in the whole distribution. 368 superior trees were selected throughout the whole country and progeny test was conducted. New varieties of first generation were provided for afforestation in China and the foundation for next cross breeding. This paper also makes discussion on the future of Hippophae breeding in China.