从陕麦107、陕麦94的育成谈“超级小麦”育种

Discuss "Super wheat" Breeding from developed Shanmai 107 and Shanmai 94

为了选育超高产小麦品种,利用多种外源抗性种质与多个农艺亲本组配,采取大群体和F3早代测产确定重点家系的选择策略,将多种优异基因累加、聚合,育成了超高产小麦新品系陕麦107和高产强筋小麦新品系陕麦94。陕麦107弱春性,成穗率高,株高78cm,高产、抗病、抗倒,落黄好,千粒重50g,产量9712.5kg/hm2,较对照品种小偃22增产25.7%。陕麦94弱冬性、多穗型,株高75cm,抗倒伏,高抗条锈病、白粉病和叶枯病,中抗赤霉病,千粒重51g,产量8185kg/hm2,较小偃22增产6%。结果表明,选择遗传背景丰富的亲本材料,采用早代测产,确定重点家系是实现超高产育种的有效途径。

In order to pyramid some desirable genes and breed super-wheat, the germplasm with different Mien disease resistance were crossed to common wheat varieties （lines） by different parental combination. Large population was planted and the important family lines were selected by testing the yield in F3. Two new super-wheat lines, ShanMail07 with high yield and Shaanmai94 with strong-gluten, were bred. Shaanmai107 is 78cm, weak springness, multi spike, high percetenge of spike on the tiller, resistent to disease and lodging. Thousand kernal weight of ShanMai107 was 50g, and the yield reach 9712.Skg/hm^2, which was 25.7% higher than the control cultivar Xiaoyan22. ShanMai94 is 75cm, weak-winterness, multi-spike, highly resistance to lodging, stripe rust, powdery mildew and leaf blight, and moderately resistant scab. one-thousand kernal weight of Shaanmai 94 was 51g and the yield was 8185kg/hm^2, which was 6.0% higher than Xiaoyan22. The results showed that one of the effective way of breeding the ultra highyield variety due to the materials of parent with abundant hereditary background, F2 expands the scale of planting, and examined yield in early generation.