二十世纪90年代以来不同语言国家经济增长的比较与启示——以主要英语国家与非英语国家为例

Economic Growth in Countries with Different Languages since 1990s:Comparison and Implications——The Case of Major English-Speaking Countries and Non-English-Speaking Countries

二十世纪90年代以来,发达国家当中,美、英、加、澳等主要英语国家经济增长普遍快于日、德、法、意等主要非英语国家。无论从经济增长速度、人均GDP增长,还是失业率或者劳动生产率来看,都是主要英语国家好于主要非英语国家。造成这种差距的原因是:主要非英语国家由于宏观经济政策出现了一些失误,错失了二十世纪90年代的新经济发展的机遇,产业没有及时转型,以及一些有强大势力的“利益集团”的消极影响,因而其经济增长速度放缓;而主要英语国家由于积极推进经济改革,及时调整产业结构,注重技术创新和提高劳动生产率,充分利用英语语言工具在全球中的优势,因而加快了本国经济的发展。

Since 1990s, major English-speaking advanced countries like the US, the UK, Canada and Australia have generally been growing faster then major non-English-speaking ones like Japan, Germany, France and Italy. This holds for economic growth rate, growth in GDP per capita, unemployment rate and labor productivity. The reason for the gap are as follows： Major non-English-speaking countries missed the opportunity for developing the new economy in 1990s due to mistakes in c policy and failed to restructuring their industries. Combined with the negative impact of powerful ＂interested groups＂, this has slowed down their growth rate. By contrast, major English-speaking countries have quickened economic development by actively promoting economic reforms, readjusting industrial structure, emphasizing technological innovation and boosting productivity, and making full use the global advantage of the English language.