莲NymphaeaL.多倍体研究Ⅰ.莲多倍体诱导及变异株的形态特征和细胞学观察

A STUDY OF POLYPLOID OF LOTUS Nymphaea L. Ⅰ.POLYPLOID INDUCTION MORPHOLOGICAL AND CYTO LOGICAL OBSERVATION OF VARIANTS OF LOTUS

比较４个莲品种在不同条件下的诱变效果，结果表明：用含０．１％秋水仙素的琼脂胶包埋已萌动的莲子胚，３ｄ后诱变频率可达４６％，其效果最佳．经秋水仙素诱导的群体与正常二倍体植株比较，有一部分植株叶片肥厚、叶色变深、叶柄变粗、气孔增大而单位叶面积气孔数减少，有些植株则花器增大、花药增粗、花粉粒显著变大．对变异材料进行细胞学研究后发现，同一材料中同时存在２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６和２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２的细胞，甚至有２ｎ＝８ｘ＝６４的重复加倍现象．

In this study,lotus (Nymphaea L.) is treated with colchicine in four ways.It is found that 0.1 percent of colchicine mixed with 0.5 percent of agar is the best for inducing polyploids from germinated lotus seeds.The results show that the desirable way is to treat the germinated lotus seeds for 48 to 60 h,which induces 46 percent of variants.Morphological studies of variants show that the size of stomates,pollen grains,flowers and seeds of variants are much larger than those of diploids.The results also show that the chromosome numbers vary from 16 to 64 in different cells even in the same plant.Abnormal meiosis of lotus polyploids is also observed.