加强感染性疾病病原体分子生物学诊断的研究

Progress in molecular diagnosis of pathogens of infectious diseases

在感染性疾病的诊断中,病原学诊断具有十分重要的地位。以 PCR 技术为基础的病原体分子诊断技术是感染性疾病诊断、治疗、预防中的重要方法之一。对感染性疾病病原体进行分子生物学诊断时,必须考虑到准种(quasispecies)因素。因准种几乎是所有病原体的一个共同特点,其对感染性疾病病原学诊断十分重要。随着抗微生物药物的广泛应用,感染性疾病的病原体也随之产生了耐药(resistance),这是困扰感染性疾病治疗的一个突出的问题。耐药的检测结果,有助于药物的选择、治疗方案的调整,同时也可避免多药耐药以及耐药病原体的扩散。根据病原体核酸序列的差别,可以将病原体分成不同的基因型,通常不同基因型病原体感染的临床结局不同,而更为重要的是对治疗的应答率不同。因此,必须根据病原体基因分型的结果,制定个体化的治疗方案,方能提高临床疗效。

Infectious diseases are characterized as their pathogens. So the detection of pathogen is very important for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Molecular diagnosis based on polymerase chain reaction （PCR） is playing an important role in the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention for infectious diseases. The concept of quasispecies must be put into consideration for quasispecies are universal for almost every pathogen and important for the diagnosis. Resistance is emerging along with anti-microbial therapy and has comprehensive impact for treatment of infectious diseases. Diagnosis of resistance will be helpful for selection of right drug, and modification of therapy protocol, and reduction of resistance. C, enotyping technique is meaningful for individualized therapy for patients with infectious diseases.