鼠类防治效果与鼠传疾病发病率的相关性分析

Analysis on the correlation of rat control effect and rat transmissible diseases

目的评价重庆市2001—2004年鼠类防治效果，分析鼠密度与鼠传疾病发病率的相关性，寻找存在的问题，探讨控制鼠传疾病发生的有效措施。方法鼠类防治效果根据鼠密度、灭鼠率进行评价，鼠密度监测采用粉迹法，灭鼠率以灭鼠前和灭鼠后的鼠密度计算下降率；同时，以鼠密度的变化与鼠传疾病发病率进行相关系数分析。结果重庆市2001—2004年的灭鼠活动，基本控制了鼠密度，但与全国爱卫会灭鼠标准还存在一定差距，每年的灭后平均鼠密度均超过3％，且每次灭鼠之后经一定时间鼠密度又迅速回升到原来的水平；除2003年外，灭鼠效果差，每年的平均灭鼠率均在80％以下。鼠密度与鼠传疾病的发生存在一定的相关性，与肾综合征出血热（HFRS）、钩端螺旋体病、斑疹伤寒发病率的相关系数分别为：r=0．1086，0．3474，0．5784。结论重庆市在防鼠设施建设方面还存在不足，缺乏有效的巩固灭鼠成果措施。由于近几年长期使用单一的溴敌隆灭鼠毒饵，可能是造成灭鼠效果差的一个重要因素。鼠密度与鼠传疾病的发生有一定的相关性，当鼠密度增高时，鼠传疾病发生的可能性就会增加。因此，巩固灭鼠成果，有效控制鼠密度是防止鼠传疾病发生的重要措施。

Objective To evaluate the effect of rat control from 2001 to 2004 in Chongqing and investigate the correlation of rat density, the incidence of rat transmissible diseases for further controlling and preventing diseases. Methods The effect of rat control was investigated according to rat density and deratization rate, which were observed by method of powder tracing and the difference of rat densities before and after deratization. The correlation coefficients of rat density, the incidence of rat transmissible diseases were calculated. Results From 2001 to 2004, the rat density had decreased through deratting in Chongqing. However, the average rat density was 3% higher than it after deratization. There was difference with the criterion set by the National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee. A rapid increase of rat density was observed within a period after deratization. The average deratization rate was less than 80% except in 2003. The rat density and incidences of HFRS, leptespirosis and typhus were positively correlated（ r = 0. 108 6, 0. 347 4 and 0. 578 4 respectively）. Conclusion The facilities and measures were insufficient for consistent rodent control in Chongqing. Over the past years, the decrease in the effect of rodent control may be caused by the use of single deratization bait, bromadiolone. Rat density and rat transmissible disease was positively correlated. Enhancing the effect of rodent control and lowering rat density were important for preventing rat transmissible disease.