我国北方地区开采地下水发展农业的几点意见

Some Opinions on the Groundwater Exploitation for Agricultural Production in Northern China

我国北方地域辽阔,土地资源丰富,光热资源充沛,宜于发展农业。由于自然条件十分复杂,水资源不足,严重制约着农业的发展。地下水具有水量稳定、就地开采、投资少、见效快等特点,是北方发展农业的重要水源。文中对各主要平原和盆地地下水资源潜力做了分析,为使地下水资源可持续利用,指出了农业开采地下水中存在的问题,并对超采、严重超采、基本平衡和地下水潜力较大的地区,提出了地下水开发利用中应注意的问题和对策。

Large-area land and abundant photo-thermal resources constitute favorable factors for agricultural production in northern China. However, due to complicated natural conditions, the shortage of water resources restricts the agricultural development. Groundwater has many advantages over surface water： because of its large storage, it remains available in dry seasons or drought conditions; it is cheaper to develop; as it is unpolluted, its treatment is relatively easy; it can be pumped on a stage-by-stage basis where needed; and it is less affected by catastrophic events. It can thus be seen that groundwater is an important water resource for agricultural production in northern China. In this paper, the potential of groundwater resource in the main plains and basins is evaluated. Based on the viewpoint of sustainable utilization of groundwater resource, this paper deals with the problems in groundwater exploitation for agricultural production. Considering the specific conditions in the groundwater over-exploitation areas, the paper also puts forward the countermeasures in such groundwater areas as over-exploitation areas, grave over-exploitation areas, approximate balance areas and considerable potential areas.