论西方政治合法性理论的解释范式及其嬗变

On the Explaining Pattern of Western Political Validity Theory and Its Changes

关于政治合法性,每一门学科都代表着一种解释政治合法性问题的范式。伦理学以道德理念为逻辑起点,形成政治对正义等基本价值的信仰,成为衡量现实政治制度和政治秩序是否具有合法性的终极价值标准;合法性在法学中保留“与法律一致”的涵义,因而法律实证主义将合法归结为合乎法律;社会学家认为,在符合一定价值规范基础上的支持和忠诚或依据于被统治者是否相信或赞同某种统治,来确认政治统治的合法性。从我国政治文明建设的角度看,合法性的主要意义在于建立和保持一定的、和谐的政治秩序,同时克服合法性危机对社会进步和发展带来的消极影响。

Each study represents an explaining pattern of political validity. Ethnics takes moral ideas as logic starting point and forms political belief of justice and other basic values which become ultimate criteria to estimate validity of the practical political system and order. Validity takes the connotation of ＂keeping in accordance with law＂ and so positivist believes validity is conforming to law. Sociologist believes that validity of political rule is decided by the support and loyalty to certain reign on the basis of accordance with certain value criterion or of the ruler＇ s belief and agreement. As to our country＇ s political civilization construction, the main significance of validity lies in establishing and maintaining certain harmonious political order and at the same time, in the overcoming the negative effect on social advance brought about by validity crisis.