李鸿章、张之洞洋务事业比较研究

Li Hung-chang and Chang Chih-dung in their Self-strengthening Career

李鸿章和张之洞的洋务事业主要表现在军事国防、实业建设、近代科技文化方面。比较而言,李鸿章偏重于实践,张之洞的洋务思想较李鸿章深刻些,主要表现在教育近代化和制度改革等方面。两人的洋务活动时间前后达40年,是晚清自强运动的一个缩影。而40年的洋务运动始终无法达到政治改革的层面,说明了封建统治阶级的自我革新和政治制度的改革是无法自我完成的。

Li hung - chang and Chang Chih - dung made great contributions mainly in national military defense, indnstrial construction, modem science, and cultural education. Compared with Chang Chih - dung, Li hung - chang contributed more in the practice of self- strengthening thought, which could not be surpassed by Chang Chih - dung. Chang Chih - dung had more profound thought on self- strengthening movement mainly in the modernization of education and system reform. Their self- strengthening movement lasted 40 years, reflecting the self- strengthening movement of the late Qing dynasty, representing the great part of the movement. However, the 40 - year movement could not reach the standard of political reform, which reflects the limitations of the feudalist ruling class.