恶性肿瘤的过度治疗与避免

The Overtreatment of Malignant Tumor and Its Countermeasures

恶性肿瘤的过度治疗现象普遍存在,其主要表现在放宽住院及治疗标准、扩大手术范围、医用材料过度浪费及过度医疗保健等方面。从三方面分析过度治疗产生的原因:患者及家属为求根治而主动要求过度治疗;医生出于自我保护、对肿瘤认识不足或者利益驱动等原因给予患者过度治疗;患者的个体差异导致制定个体化的综合治疗方案难度较大。过度治疗不仅对患者造成经济上的损失,导致其生活质量的下降,同时也给国家和社会医疗资源带来沉重的负担。如何避免恶性肿瘤的过度治疗呢?首先要重视循证医学的应用,对患者做出综合评估;其次要坚持实践原则,制定个体化的综合治疗策略;第三是要加强综合管理,健全和完善医疗制度,加强医生的医德教育;第四是加强社会宣传,普及群众的卫生常识,改变重治疗而轻预防的落后现状,使恶性肿瘤的治疗往更合理、更健康的轨道发展。

More often than not, patients with malignant tumor tend to be over treated, which manifests in the following aspects： relaxing the requirements of inpatient administration and treatment, extending the field of operation, exorbitant waste of medical material, and exorbitant medical care. Through analyzing the phenomenon, we come up of three related reasons. The overtreatment is bad for the patient side for it has caused huge economic losses and a decline in their living quality, and meanwhile it brings in heavy burdens to our society. In this article, some possible and feasible countermeasures are also raised to prevent overtreatment of patients with malignant tumors.