森林认证与中国农村及环境的可持续发展(英文)

Forest certification and sustainable development of rural areas and the environment in China

中国的山区面积占陆地面积的2/3,农村64%的人口居住在山区。非木质林产品的生产与农村(山区)的发展及基于林分的生态环境紧密相关。森林可持续经营认证是基于市场机制的促进森林可持续经营的工具,森林认证工作的开展在国际上已越来越多地引起人们对环境友好型及社会效益良好的林产品的认同。经营良好的林分往往能在经济、环境和社会方面达到标准,而这些标准可以确保林分的可持续经营。森林认证(含非木质林产品认证)就是按照这样的标准来进行操作的。从森林认证中的环境和社会影响评价及环境可持续发展的角度,就非木质林产品生产、农村发展与环境的可持续发展进行了论述,认为我国在森林认证尤其是在林分生物多样性的维持与恢复,森林认证相关知识的普及,社会影响评价与环境影响评价方面存在较多问题,任重而道远。

The mountainous regions of China, where 64 % of the rural population reside, cover 2/3 of its land area. In these rural mountainous areas, production of non-timber forest products （NTFPs） is closely related to development and the forest-based ecological environment. Certification of sustainable forest management is a market mechanism-based tool promoting sustainable forest management, and it has increasingly led to global recognition of environmentally healthy and socially reliable forest products, A well-managed forest usually meets responsible management criteria in environmental, social, and economic terms. These criteria can assure sustainable management, which is why forest certification （including certification of NTFPs） is conducted. This paper discusses the production of forest products （and NTFPs） in rural areas with emphasis on sustainable development of the ecological environment through certification-associated environmental and social impact assessments. China, with its many challenges, is only beginning to utilize forest certification, and should continue to improve its maintenance and recovery of forest biodiversity, popularization of forest certification-associated knowledge, and both social and environmental impact assessments. [ En, 11 ref. ]