松材线虫媒介昆虫种类及其扩散能力

Species and their dispersal ability of Monochamus as vectors to transmit Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus是世界性的外来入侵生物,主要依靠媒介昆虫的携带在自然界中扩散传播。能够携带松材线虫的昆虫有45种,而其中可作为媒介昆虫的有13种,全部为墨天牛属Monochamus种类,它们是:松墨天牛M. alternatus,云杉花墨天牛M. saltuarius,卡罗莱纳墨天牛M. carolinensis,加洛墨天牛M. galloprobincialis,白点墨天牛M. scutellatus,南美墨天牛M. titillator,钝角墨天牛M. botusus,香枞墨天牛M. marmorator,墨点墨天牛M. notatus,松墨斑墨天牛M. mutator,粗点墨天牛M. clamator,巨墨天牛M. grandis和云杉小墨天牛M. sutor。由于松墨天牛、云杉花墨天牛和卡罗莱纳墨天牛等3种昆虫在补充营养及产卵初期2个阶段的飞行能力均较强,通常一次飞行可以达到1000 m左右,因而成为松材线虫的主要传播媒介。

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a destructive invasive species in the world. The pine wilt disease caused by it is destructive for the pine trees. The pine wilt disease was diffused through the vector insects in the field. There are 45 insect species can transmit pinewood nematode. Only 13 species were regarded as vector insects, all of them are Monochamus , i . e . Monochamus alternatus , M . salt uarius, M . carolinensis , M . galloprobincialis , M . scutellatus , M . titillator , M . botusus , M . marmorator , M . notatus , M . mutator, M. clamator, M. grandis and M. sutor. Because M. alternatus, M. carolinensis and M. saltuarius has strong flying and dispersal ability than others, they are being of the three primary vector insects to transmit pinewood nematode. Most adults of these insects can reach to 1 000 m away by one flight both in maturation within the feeding and ovipoisition stages. Moreover, management of these vector insects has been the key point pine wilt disease control. [ Ch, 2 tab. 33 ref. ]