世界经济中的劳工标准:背景与争议

Background and Arguments of Labor Standards in World Economy

本文对相关文献梳理后发现,世界经济领域中有关劳工标准的争议大致沿三个方向展开:统一的劳工标准是不是国际贸易中公平交易和平等竞争的必要条件?劳工标准的逆向竞争是否应当通过国际合作加以解决?劳工标准是否应当纳入国际贸易规则体系?本文认为,劳工标准问题的本质是发达国家与发展中国家经济基础和上层建筑交叉矛盾的产物,争议将长期存在,最为可行的解决方式是在民间层次上自愿采用第三方标准。

The literature about labor standards in world economy can be summarized under three main headings. The first concems the broad underlying issue of whether harmonization of labor standards across countries is necessary to ensure faimess and a ＂level playing field＂ in international trade relationships. The second is whether there is a problem of a ＂ race to the bottom＂ with respect to labor standards in an era of globalization that has to be dealt with through cooperative international action. The third is whether there should be a link between trade liberalization and labor standards. Authors believe that the issue of laborer standards is the cross contradictory between the basis of economy and the superstructure during the developed countries and the developing countries. Arguments would last and the possible way is the voluntary adoption of the third party standards in the private sections.