利用洋葱根尖微核技术对洗涤剂诱变效应的研究

The Study on Induced Effect of Detergent by the Micronucleus Test of Allium Cepa Root Tips

根据微核技术原理,用6种不同浓度梯度的3种洗涤剂处理洋葱根尖细胞,对其遗传毒理学效应进行研究.结果表明:3种洗涤剂对洋葱根尖细胞都有不同程度的遗传损伤,其中分裂间期主要表现为微核、双核、核出芽以及核破裂;分裂期主要表现为染色体断片、粘连、滞后以及桥等遗传损伤效应.统计数据显示:用不同洗涤剂处理过的洋葱根尖细胞中,间期微核数、分裂期染色体桥、断片的细胞数以及有丝分裂指数均明显高于对照组,存在显著性差异.说明洗涤剂在一定程度上具有遗传毒性,其中洗衣粉的毒性最大,肥皂次之,香皂最弱.PI值显示洗涤剂在高浓度时均对水环境造成一定程度的污染.同时证明洋葱敏感度高,可以作为微核技术新的供试材料.

According to the principle of micronucleus test （MNT）, Allium cepa root tips were treated with six different concentrations of three detergents. Its cytogenetic damage was studied. The results showed that the forms of cytogenetic damage at various division stages were different form each other. Most of the abnormal cells at interphase were micronucleus （MCN） and nuclear buds. The cells with one or more aberrations, such as MCN and chromosomal aberrations （CA） including chromosome segment, laggard and bridge, were also obtained in split cells. Statistics data showed that the MCN frequencies at interphase, the mitotic index and the frequencies of cells with CA at mitosis, compared with the control, were significantly increased. PI value showed that the high concentration detergent could cause water environment pollution. It suggested that Alliurn cepa could be made as the material of MNT for its high sensibility.