高新技术产业项目的绩效管理——基于软件项目管理的实证研究

Performance Management for High and New Technological Project:an Empirical Study

针对高新技术产业广泛采用项目驱动的管理模式,在理论分析和实地调查的基础上,实证研究了客户、项目经理和激励制度对项目业绩的影响。结果发现客户对定制化需求大,但对标准化软件却有更高的边际利润;政府机构是大客户,但其垄断地位,所带来的销售利润率和项目交付率并不高;地域商务环境影响交易成本,进而显著地影响了项目的业绩水平;项目业绩受项目经理激励程度和方式的影响,但与项目经理认知特征无显著关系。这些结论说明软件企业在制定战略时,需以定制产品和定制服务为起点,但最终必须研发成为具有行业特点的标准化应用软件;在资源分配时,应重点关注地域商务环境好的客户,适当提高非政府机构行业客户的资源分配比例;应健全项目经理激励制度,促使项目提前完工,从而降低开发成本,增加项目业绩。

With project-driven management modes for high and new technology industrial development zone, the research analyzes software project management and discover how client demands, project managers and incentive mechanisms influence project performance based on investigation, theoretical and empirical study. The result reveals that standardized software provides a higher return though there exist much customized demands in market; governmental agencies as big clients contribute a lower return on sales and lower delivery rate because of their monopoly position; regional business environment affects transaction costs greatly, causing a poor performance; the performance is significantly influenced by incentive mechanism, not significantly by the cognitive of project managers. These conclusions imply that enterprise management should develop customized software into industry-standard applications finally; should pay attention to clients of good business environment and allocate more resources to non-government clients; should design effective incentive mechanisms to shorten the limit time and increase the profit for projects in making strategic decisions.