中国花生核心种质的建立

Establishment of Peanut Core Collection in China

以中国花生种质资源数据库中记录的6390份花生资源为材料,以其基本数据、特征数据和评价数据为信息,采用分层、层内分组聚类以及随机取样与必选资源相结合的方法,构建了由576份资源组成的花生核心种质,占基础收集品的9.01%。对核心种质的植物学类型组成和遗传多样性指数的分析,以及对各性状特征值、符合率和包含的主要抗病资源抗性等级及重要农艺性状资源的检测结果表明,本研究建立的核心种质是有效的。基础收集品中各种性状的遗传变异在核心种质中均存在,所用15个性状的各种特征值符合率均在90%以上,其中绝大部分性状的符合率达96%以上。

The characterization of diversity in germplasm collection is important to plant breeders to utilize and to the genebank curators to manage the collection efficiently. The available large variability contained in germplasm accessions has not been adequately utilized in the peanut improvement programs which is mainly due to lack of information on important agronomic and economic traits, which require extensive evaluation. The development of core collection could facilitate easier access to peanut genetic resources, enhance their use in crop improvement programs, and simplify the genebank management. This paper describes the development of a core collection from 6390 accessions of peanut descriptor traits available from China genebank. The germplasm accessions were stratified by botanical types and then grouped by ecological origin within each of botanical varieties. Data on 15 morphological and seed chemical traits were used for clustering by SAS method. From each cluster,5 percent to 10 percent accessions were either randomly or compulsorily selected to constitute a core collection consisting of 576 accessions. The accessions widely grown in production or extensively used in breeding programs must be included in the core collection. The rest of the accessions included were randomly selected. Comparisons using mean, range, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and diversity index on different descriptors indicated that the genetic variation available for these traits in the entire collection has been preserved in the core collection. This core collection provides an effective mechanism for the proper exploitation of peanut germplasm resources for the genetic improvement of this crop.