河流功能及其萎缩成因

Function of river system and its shrinking cause

通过分析河流系统的概念和考虑河流系统组成特点,详细地论述了河流系统的流动性、绿色生态、资源性、水能、可调控性、人文性、完整统一性等;系统地提出了河流功能的具体内容,包括自然功能、服务功能、人文景观功能和灾害性能。通过分析我国主要河流的实际情况,指出我国许多主要河流的功能不断萎缩,甚至北方部分河流功能衰竭。引起河道功能萎缩的原因主要包括水资源短缺且时空分布不均、流域水土流失严重致使河道淤积萎缩、水电工程建设、水资源过度开发与配置的不合理和河流严重污染。

Based on analysis of the river system and its formation, some characteristics of the river system are expounded herein such as fluidness, green ecology, resources, hydraulic energy, adjustability, human culture, integrity and so on. Functions of the river system is given such as natural function, service function, humanities and landscape function and disaster characteristics. Through the analyses on the actual situations of the main rivers in China, it is pointed out some functions of the river systems have gradually shrunk and even decreased in the North China. The main causes of the river function decrease include： shortage of water resources and uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources, silting up and shrinking of river channel caused by serious water and soil loss in the basin, construction of hydropower project, over-exploitation and unrational allocation of water resources and serious water pollution as well.