国家政府在基础研究管理中的作用——以美国为例

The roles of government in basic research administration——taking United States as an exemple

以美国为例,分析基础研究的内部(即基础研究的学科、科学家、基础设施、设备以及研究过程等方面)的特点及基础研究的外部环境(即基础研究经费和法律、法规等方面)的特点,并针对这些特点提出现代基础研究的管理对策。

Basic research has experienced great changes in the past half century. Based on the analysis of the United States, the paper displays the features of basic research in the internal aspects, namely the characteristics in disciplines, scientists, facilities and equipment, and research process. Furthermore, the paper also shows the features of the funding and laws and regulations, in terms of the external aspects of research. In the end, the paper presents the government the administration policies in the response to the new features of modern basic research.