中世纪欧洲村庄的自治

The Autonomy of European Villages in the Middle Ages

中世纪欧洲许多村庄具有自治性质。它们独立管理自己的事务:有自己的法律——村规;有自己的最高权力机构——庄园法庭和村民会议;有自己选举出来的管理人员;有些村庄还有自己的军事防务。中央政府和领主承认许多村庄的自治。

In the Middle Ages, many villages were autonomous: they could manage their affairs independently. They had their own laws, i.e.by-laws, and their own authorities, such as, manorial courts and village meetings, own officials, and they even had their own defensive system. Their autonomy was admitted by the central government and their lords, and sometimes their lords granted autonomy to them.