海洋生态系统服务的内涵与特点

Connotation and characteristics of marine ecosystem services

从生态系统服务的概念出发,提出了从服务产生的载体、实现的途径和最终的效应等3个方面来界定海洋生态系统服务的内涵。并在此基础上,辨析了几个在海洋生态系统服务方面容易引起的误解。由于海洋生态系统内生物种类和过程的极大多样性,海洋生态系统将支持更为丰富的生态服务。同时,海洋生态系统的服务也具有明显的异地实现性和开放性特点,而这些特点导致了对海洋生态服务的滥用和难于管理。最后,文章也简要地分析了海洋生态系统服务减弱或丧失以后对人类产生的后果,自然灾害发生频率增加和生活环境恶化。希望本文可以更好地帮助认识和理解海洋生态系统服务,并对海洋生态服务的维持和管理提供依据。

Based on the concepts of ecosystem services, 3 characteristics which were identified from the carrier, route, and impact of achieving ecosystem services were brought forward to define the connotation of marine ecosystem services. At the same time, some misunderstandings for the marine ecosystem services were also clarified with those connotations. In this paper, it was also pointed out that the marine ecosystem would provide more services for human being than that of land ecosystem, because there were much more biological species and ecological process in the marine ecosystem. At meanwhile, the marine ecosystem services showed two significant characteristics： hetero-location and open-access. Finally, the consequence of weakening and losing the marine ecosystem services, more harmful disasters and worse living environment were analyzed. The authors hope that the paper could be helpful to realize and understand the marine ecosystem services, and provide the base for the management of the marine ecosystem services maintenance.