异化劳动中主体与客体的关系——对马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的分析

The Relationship between Subject and Object in Labor Dissimilation: Analysis of Marx's The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

由异化上升到异化劳动,是马克思思想发展过程中的一次重大转折。但异化劳动理论还不等于唯物史观,它包含着内在的矛盾。本文通过对异化劳动理论中的主体与客体关系的分析,即着眼于分析劳动中形成的主客体关系——人与劳动对象、人与劳动过程、人与人的关系,把异化劳动看成是一种客观历史现象,从而揭示马克思是怎样把社会发展看成是自然历史过程、进而去研究历史自身发展的内在规律、最终走向历史唯物主义的。

The situation from dissimilation to labor dissimilation is the breakthrough in the development of Marxism. The dissimilation theory is not equal to the materialistic interpretation of history, and it contains inherent contradictions. The article analyzes the relationship between subject and object——the laborer and the object of labor, the laborer and the labor process, and the labors. Marx views the dissimilation as an objective historical phenomenon. This reveals how Marx considers the social development as a natural historical course, and studies the inherent rules of the social development, and finally forms the historical materialism.