新疆塔里木灌区水盐问题研究

Study on hydrosalinity in Tarim irrigation area

土壤盐碱化和次生盐渍化是威胁塔里木灌区农业生产的主要因素之一。作者主要以水田向水盐平衡为指导分析了塔里木灌区当前水土资源利用方式下的灌区田间尺度的盐分动态、灌区尺度的盐碱化趋势及影响因素以及农田排水的解决对策,估算了地下水临界深度及灌排比,初步探讨了当前节水农业条件下灌区所可能存在的主要问题。文中最后强调:理论上应加强对灌区作物需水研究及水盐运移与聚集规律,特别是节水条件下的根区土壤盐分平衡问题研究;实践中通过完善灌排管理、提高常规灌溉技术的灌溉效率,逐步进行种植业的结构调整,是塔里木灌区灌溉农业持续发展的基础。

The irrigation area of Tarim, located at the upper reach of Tarim River, is one of the producing area of cotton and markedly affected by soil secondary saline-alkalization. The primary issues of the irrigation area under current water and soil resources were profoundly analyzed in the light of water and salt equilibrium principle. The critical depth of groundwater was put forwarded, the ratio of irrigation and drainage was estimated, and the treatment of drainage was discussed based on the analysis of issues of the irrigation area. The essential proposals for addressing the secondary saline-alkalization in the irrigation area are suggested in the end.