GPS静态连续变位监测系统的应用——以四川雅安滑坡为例

Application of GPS-based static continuous remote monitoring system in landslide monitoring——Taking a landslide in Ya'an City,Sichuan Province as example

GPS精密测量在火山监测等地壳变动、山体滑坡监测中起到了非常有效的作用,已被广泛使用。但是,以前多在土木测量中使用的器材在实际监测中有很多限制,包括传感器、电源、通信等,如不做成系统很难体现出利用价值。笔者成功地将在恶劣气候条件下也能实施监测的系统实用化,并利用连续监测,通过统计处理达到高精度的实时变位监测。目前,日本有超过380个此类系统在通信、电源、环境条件均非常恶劣的现场运行着。我们应用此系统对四川雅安多营滑坡进行连续位移监测,并通过因特网实现位移监测数据的实时传输。经过近一年的监测证明,此系统监测精度高、运行稳定可靠。

The phase interference system precision measurement using GPS has been developed in the field of civil engineering survey, ,but not so much as expected. The precision measurement using GPS is effective in the crustal movement observation such as volcano monitoring and the landslide observation, and has been widely used for such applications. However, we have difficulties in observation using equipment for civil engineering survey in the field; on the other hand, only the system incorporating the sensors, power supply and communication means is required to make it into practice. Usually, we have to face with the fact that it is very difficult to install the system in the location where there is a volcano or landslide under stringent environments because power supply and communication cannot be obtained easily. We succeeded in putting the system to use which can continuously observe the displacement with high accuracy realized by statistically processing the data in real time in stringent environments, in Japan, our group has already installed more than 380 systems operating in the stringent environment from the viewpoints of communication and power supply. The practical use of the system is largely contributed not only by our GPS, communication, and power supply technologies but also by our experience cultivated in such environmentally stringent fields. For prevention of disasters due to volcanic eruptions and landslides, it is necessary to realize both two-dimensional and three-dimensional data measurements so far not performed to grasp the mechanism. The conventional sensors do not work well for this purpose and only the GPS technologies could help. The actual cases where the system was realized are introduced together with the associate technologies.