诺贝尔生理学或医学奖学科特征分析

Analysis on digcipline features of Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

具有105年历史的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，基本成为20世纪生物医学发展史的缩影，其获奖成果和获奖者的学科分布具有明显特征：学科之间分布不均，生物学与医学分布不均，分子生物学处于先导和基础地位，生物医学与其他学科的交叉趋势渐显，获奖人数与学科在科学界地位呈正相关关系，传统生物医学家获得者减少，现代生物医学家和交叉学科科学家获得者增多。

The Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, which has a history of 105 years, is basically the history of development in biomedical sciences in the twentieth century. Their achievements and distribu-tion among the different disciplines have special features, Their distribution in biological and medical sci-ences is not balanced or equal. Molecular biology is in the leading and fundamental position; a tendency of the intersection of biomedical sciences and other disciplines has become obvious. The importance of the dis-ciplines in science field goes hand in hand with the number of their Nobel Prize laureates. Fewer and fewer conventional biomedical scientists win the Prize while the number of Nobel Prize winners is increasing in modem biomedicine and interdisciplinary sciences.