再论《十批判书》的撰著动机与论学宗旨

More on Ten Critiques: Guo Moruo's Intentions and His Ideas on Pre-Qin Scholarship

对郭沫若抗战时期的重要论著《十批判书》的撰著动机做出新解,由此梳理其论学宗旨,再评其学术成就,有着重要的意义。《十批判书》不仅意在反对当时国民党的统治,同时也有与马克思主义史学同行商讨之意。郭沫若不赞同一些马克思主义史学家对先秦诸子的某些评价,曾在《群众》上发文批评以墨子为"工农革命的代表"的观点。此文在马克思主义史学内部引发了争论,《群众》刊发了对郭文的商榷文章。同志间的批评让郭沫若感觉不安,他对先秦诸子的思想进行了总清算,以作为对批评的总答复。《十批判书》是以实事求是精神开展学术研究的典范,今人须联系创作的具体情境来研讨其丰富的学术史内涵和思想意义。

Ten Critiques (ten treatises on pre-Qin society and scholarship) was Guo Moruo's most important historical production during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. It is academically significant to re-examine Guo's intention in writing these treatises, and based on this, to clarify his ideas on the basic principles of academic research and judge their academic achievement. These papers were meant not only as a defiance of the dictatorial rule of the Nationalists but also as a response to his fellow Marxist historians. Holding views on the pre-Qin philosophers that differed in part from those of other Marxist historians, Guo had published an article in The Masses criticizing the view that took Mo Zi as a 'representative of the revolution of artisans and peasants.' Marxist historians and scholars at Yan'an disagreed with Guo and wrote critical articles that also appeared in The Masses. Guo felt so uneasy about the criticism from his comrades that he made a systemic scrutiny of pre-Qin society and scholarship as a reply to his critics. Ten Critiques presents us with a perfect example of the principle of seeking truth from the facts in academic research. Its achievement in historiography and intellectual significance must be understood in the specific context of the time when Guo was writing.