低维纳米材料的制备方法与金属纳米材料

Preparation Methods for Low Dimensional Nano-meter Materials and Nano-meter Metallic Materials

纳米材料的纳米晶粒和高浓度晶界特征以及由此而产生的小尺寸量子效应和晶界效应,使其具有特殊的力、电、磁、声、光等性能。晶粒尺度在1～100nm范围内的金属纳米材料具有强度、硬度高,韧性好、损耗低,比热高,磁化率高、矫顽力高等特性,是具有广阔应用前景的新型材料。综述了目前国内外低维纳米材料的制备方法、表征技术和研究成果,并对这些方法和成果进行了比较研究,着重介绍用这些方法所制备的金属纳米材料及其在科学领域中的应用。

Owing to the small grain sizes which help create some relevant effects, materials with nanometer grain sizes will have special mechanic, electric, magnetic, acoustic and optical properties. Materials with grain sizes between 1 to 100 nm feature high strength, high hardness, good toughness, low consumptiuon, highs specific heat, high magnetizing ratio and high coersive force and will have a bright future for applications. This paper reviews the preparations methods for preparing low dimensional nanometer materials and relevant characterizing technology adopted in China with the results of different methods compared with each other. The materials prepared by these methods and their applications in different scientific fields are stressed.