对女性主义“平等”理念的考察与反思

Reflections on Feminist Concept of "Equality"

女性主义对平等理念的认识经历了由寻求普遍化视野下的同一性平等,到要求更为具体化的权力平等,再到诉诸正义视阈内的差异性平等这样一个渐进的过程。笔者借助于对平等理念的历史性演变的梳理,一方面透视和反思其中存在的问题,另一方面也意在彰显其理论价值和现实意义:从理论方面看,由普遍的道德意义上的平等权利诉求逐渐发展为正义视阈内的差异性平等的强调,体现了历史发展的必然逻辑,不但拓宽了平等研究的理论视野,而且开启了平等研究的多维面向,突显“平等”追求的现实化和理性化。

The course of Feminist cognition of equality traverses from seeking the identical equality from a general point of view to searching equal power in more concrete terms and to pursuing equity out of differences based on fair and just principles. The author reviews this course and identifies issues that remain therein and also reflect on its theoretical values and practical significance. At the level of theoretical values, it is noted that the development of equality embodies the logical inevitability of history, whereby the earlier general pursuit of equality is not only concretized but also diversified so as to reveal dimensions of differences. This process opens up room for realism and idealism of achieving ＂equality＂.