变应性鼻炎标准化变应原皮肤点刺试验

Analysis of skin prick test with standardized antigens in patients with allergic rhinitis

目的为变应性鼻炎变应原检测的过筛试验提供依据。方法采用阿罗格标准化制剂,对有过敏症状和体征的1296例患者进行变应原的皮肤点刺试验,16种试剂包括吸入性常年性和季节性变应原的单一和混合制剂。结果变应原阳性率为48.77%(632/1296)。在632例过敏患者中,阳性变应原的种类分布依次为:屋尘螨46.68%,粉尘螨42.72%,杂草29.59%,树Ⅰ、Ⅱ28.48%,艾蒿20.41%,大豚草8.86%,藜7.28%,动物毛Ⅰ5.22%,禾本科/谷类5.22%,干草尘埃4.59%,白色念珠菌4.59%,真菌Ⅰ、Ⅱ4.27%,松属(2.22%),多价羽毛1.27%。阳性变应原的季节分布为:单纯常年性变应原为40.51%,单纯季节性变应原为39.40%,同时有常年性和季节性变应原者为20.09%。阳性变应原的分级分布以+++为主。结论过敏原过筛试验应综合考虑病史及阳性变应原的种类分布趋势,同时包括常年性及季节性变应原,根据等级分布特点决定特异性免疫治疗。

OBJECTIVE To provide the data for antigen filter test in the patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS A total of 1296 cases with allergic symptoms and signs underwent skin prick test with standardized single or group aeroantigens provided by AllergoPhamar Company. The sort, season and scale of the positive antigens were assessed. RESULTS 632 of 1296 （48.77 %） cases showed a positive result in skin prick test. The percent of patients with positive skin prick test were follow： Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 46.68 %, Dermatophagoides farinae 42.72 %, Herbs 29.59 %, Trees 28.48 %, Mugwort 20.41%, Giant Ragweed 8.86 %, Lamb＇s Quarters 7.28 %, Animal Ⅰ 5.22 %, Grasses/Cereals 5.22 %, Hay dust 4.59 %, Candida Albicans 4.59 %, Moulds Ⅰ, Ⅱ4.27 %, Pine 4.27 % and Feathers1.27 %. Positive perennial aeroantigens were 40.51%, positive seasonal aeroantigens were 39.40 %, whereas both positive perennial and seasonal aeroantigens were 20.09 %. The scale of aeroantigens was ＋＋＋ in majority. CONCLUSION The antigen filter test should be base on the history of patients and the distribution trend of positive antigen, and included perennial and seasonal aeroantigens. The specific immunotherapy should consider the scale of the skin prick test.