中年女性骨代谢相关指标变化与冬泳运动的干预

Winter swimming and the changes of bone metabolism associated indexes in middle-aged women

目的:观察冬泳运动对中年女性骨密度、骨矿含量和血清性激素水平的影响,以及与骨代谢相关血生化指标的变化。方法:实验于2004-10/2005-03在沈阳体育学院进行。由沈阳市冬泳协会组织冬泳爱好者和非冬泳试验对象各36人,年龄50～55岁,其中冬泳爱好者作为冬泳组,非冬泳者为对照组。纳入标准:较经常参加户外活动,均无明显胃肠道疾病、肾脏疾病、甲状腺疾病、糖尿病等骨代谢疾病,近期未服用激素类和抗癫痫类对骨代谢有影响的药物。冬泳组经3周适应性运动后,每周在2～10℃水温中游泳3次,5～10min/次,每次游泳前后分别进行5～10min的热身和调整运动;对照组未进行任何干预措施。运动周期结束采用单光子骨密度仪测试试验对象骨密度;放射免疫法和生化法分析睾酮、雌二醇和骨代谢等指标的变化。结果:纳入冬泳爱好者36人及非冬泳36人,均进入结果分析。①干预后各组骨密度测量结果:冬泳组桡骨远端的骨密度、骨矿物质均高于对照组[(0.98±0.04),(0.96±0.08)g/cm2;(0.72±0.15),(0.62±0.24)g/cm;P<0.05],骨宽无显著变化(12.25±0.17),(12.20±0.16)cm。②干预后各组血清生化指标的测量结果:冬泳组血清中骨钙素、睾酮、雌二醇值均较对照组显著增高[(13.40±3.60),(11.60±3.20)μg/L;(2.67±0.75),(2.23±0.67)μg/L;(64.60±22.50),(53.90±20.50)ng/L;P<0.05],血清钙、磷、皮质醇两组无显著差异[(2.25±0.16),(2.20±0.24)mmol/L;(1.35±0.22),(1.26±0.23)mmol/L;(313.60±122.00),(300.10±118.00)mg/L;P>0.05]。③干预后冬泳组各项指标与骨密度相关分析:冬泳运动改善血清睾酮、雌二醇和骨钙素的浓度,与骨密度呈正相关(r=0.323,0.311,0.407)。结论:冬泳运动影响中年女性的骨代谢,增加骨密度和骨矿物质的含量,提高骨钙素、睾酮、雌二醇的血液浓度,对于预防骨质疏松的发生有重要意义。

AIM： To observe the effect of winter swimming on the bone density, bone mineral content, and serum hormone levels of middle-aged women and the change of serum biochemistry associated with the bone metabolism. METHODS： The experiment was performed at Shenyang Institute of Physical Education between October 2004 and March 2005.Thirty-six winter swimmers and thirty-six non winter swimmers aged of 50-55 years were selected as winter swimming group and control group, respectively by Shenyang Winter Swimming Association. They were selected according to the criteria： always joining the out door activity, with no obvious gastrointestinal tract diseases, kidney diseases, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus or other bone metabolic diseases, not taking any hormone or anti-epileptic medicine that may influence bone metabolism recently. After three weeks adaptive exercise, the winter swimming group began to swim at 2 to 10 ℃ （water temperature）, three times per week, 5 to 10 minutes every time, and 5-10 minutes warm up and down before and after swimming; while the control group did not do any exercise. Bone density was detected with BH 6005 single-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, and testosterone, estradiol, and bone metabolic indexes were analyzed with radioimmunoassay and biochemistry methods. RESULTS： Thirty-six winter swimmers and thirty-six non-swimmers were all involved in the result analysis. （1） Bone density and bone mineral content at the distal radius of the winter swimming group were higher than those of the control group [（0.98±0.04）, （0.96±0.08） g/cm^2; （0.72±0.15）, （0.62±0.24） g/cm; P 〈 0.05], but the bone width did not changed significantly （12.25±0.17）, （12.20±0.16） cm. （2）The serum osteocalcin, testosterone, and estradiol content were noticeably increased in the winter swimming group compared with the control group [（13.40±3.60）, （11.60±3.20） μg/L; （2.67±0.75）, （2.23±0.67） μg/L; （64.60±22.50）, （53.90±20.50） ng/L, P 〈 0.05], while there was no significant difference in the serum calcium, phosphate and cortisol between two groups [（2.25±0.16）, （2.20±0.24） mmol/L; （1.35±0.22）, （1.26± 0.23） mmol/L; （313.60±122.00）, （300.10±118.00） mg/L; P 〉 0.05]. （3）There was obviously positive relationship between serum osteocalcin, testosterone, and estradiol content and bone mineral density （r =0.323, 0.321, 0.407）. CONCLUSION： Winter swimming influences the bone metabolism of middle-aged women. It could increase bone density and bone mineral content, and elevate the concentrations of serum osteocalcin, testosterone, and estradiol. Therefore, it is extremely significant to the prevention of osteoporosis.