改进的LEACH协议在井下通信系统中的应用

Application of Improved LEACH to Underground Communication System

无线传感器网络由能量受限的节点组成,通过部署这些节点以便收集特定监测区域内的有用信息。基于层次的LEACH协议通过将节点分簇以实现数据融合。随机选择的簇头节点接收到本簇成员的数据后进行融合处理,将结果传输到汇聚节点。避免每个节点都与远距离的汇聚节点直接通信,从而节约能耗。将无线传感器网络应用于井下通信系统,能够提高通信的安全性。LEACH的分簇结构与矿井内分坑道工作的情况相类似,把每个坑道作为一个簇,将多数传感器节点安置在坑道内的固定位置,少量节点随矿工位置移动,再将这些节点采集的数据传输至簇头节点。本文主要针对井下通信系统的特点对现有的LEACH协议进行改进,优化了簇头节点的选举方法,并允许部分节点采用多跳方式与汇聚节点通信,使其更符合矿井结构的要求,从而节约了能耗,并且有效地延长了网络的生存时间。

Wireless sensor network contains a large number of nodes, whose battery power is very limited. By deploying these sensor nodes, we can gather useful information in certain areas. LEACH protocol gives a way of aggregating data by forming some clusters. Each randomly chosen cluster head incorporates data to reduce the amount of information received by other nodes in the same cluster, the aggregated result is transmitted to the sink node. It can avoid each node transmitting collected data to the sink node for a long distance, saving plenty of energy. It will improve the security of communication since wireless sensor network is applicable to the underground communication system. The coal mine is divided into several saps, each sap is regarded as a cluster, most of the sensor nodes are placed in certain position, only a few move with miners, and then the data that they collected were transmited to the sink node. This article proposes that LEACH protocol should be amended to fit the structure of coal mine, the choice of cluster head is optimized and some special nodes are permitted to communicate with sink node through multi-hop routing, so it can save much energy, and can prolong the lifetime of network efficiently.