知识与跨国公司进入模式选择——一个不同于交易成本的框架

Knowledge and MNC's Entry Mode Choice——A different framework from transaction cost

交易成本理论在分析企业进入模式的选择时,将机会主义作为关键的假设,但这种分析忽略了知识是以各种方式结合在一起的,这种结合减弱了机会主义的威胁,因此一种不同于交易成本的框架——知识为基础的框架建立起来了。这个框架将知识为基础的能力区分为建构能力和组合能力,它们影响着进入模式的选择。企业的知识战略对进入模式的选择也有直接或间接的影响。

Literatures on entry mode chooses transaction cost theory as their analysis base which suggests that protection of knowledge from the threat of opportunism is a primary drive of the choice of mode. However, in these literatures, the knowledge construct itself is oversimplified. Varieties of different types of knowledge held by firms relate to each other and are combined to constitute a source of advantage. This combination mitigates the threat of opportunism to such a degree that it is often unimportant in mode of entry decisions. A new frame that is based on knowledge is constructed. This model integrates the MNE＇s capabilities with its strategy to determine the structural outcome of the entry. It decomposes the MNE＇s capabilities into component and architectural capabilities （at the level of the business and of the location）, and the knowledge strategies into exploration and exploitation. This paper suggests that both the capabilities and the strategy of the MNE for each deal, through direct and indirect effects, determine the structural form of the entry.