森林生态系统健康理论的形成与实践

Development and Application of Forest Ecosystem Health Theory In Forest Ecological Construction of China

在对森林生态系统健康理论的发展历程进行回顾的基础之上,对森林生态系统健康理论的内涵以及恢复与重建等内容进行了系统论述。在对国外森林健康实践的现状进行总结的基础上,指出影响森林健康的主要因素有人类活动、森林生境的简单化与森林系统的破碎、森林经营管理方式、自然干扰因素、外来生物入侵、环境污染以及森林生物的危害等。针对我国森林生态系统的结构、功能和演变的现状、健康状况和林业生态建设宏观战略目标,指出了我国森林健康应该在营造和重建环节、改造和恢复环节、生产经营和利用环节、防止林业生物入侵等方面进行有针对性的研究实践。同时实施森林有害生物的可持续控制,提高森林生态系统免疫能力;预防控制空气污染和森林防火,减轻环境因素对森林生态系统的破坏。

The development courses of forest ecosystem health theory were reviewed, and the connotations, restoration, and reconstruction were discussed systematically. Based on the summary of the practice of alien forest health, some main factors which have effects on forest health have been pointed out, for example human activities, simplification of habitat and fragmentation of forest system, management modes of forest, natural disturbance, invasion of exotic species, environment pollution, and forest biological disaster and so on. The main problems existing in forest health of our country were analyzed in detail. According to the structure, function, current situation, and health status of our country forest ecosystem and the micro-strategy goal of forest ecological construction, more pertinence research activities should be carried out for such a forest health link .as follows： construction and reconstruction, transformation and restoration, production management and utilization, and prevention forest pests. In the meantime, sustainable controlling forest pests, improving immunity capacity of forest ecosystem, preventing air pollution and forest fire, and decreasing forest biological disaster due to environment factors should be implemented.