哲学思潮与犯罪构成——以德国犯罪论的谱系为视角

Philosophical Trends and the Constitution of Crime

哲学思潮影响犯罪构成理论。德国犯罪论体系是现代大陆法系犯罪构成理论的重要渊源,它在不同哲学思潮的影响下经历了自然主义、新康德主义、非合理主义、目的主义和目的合理主义五个阶段。由此形成的不同刑法理论表明,犯罪论的基本发展趋势是研究方法由经验主义转为重视理性主义、定罪方式由形式化向实质化扩展、犯罪人的主体性在刑法学中显现出来。受其影响,停留于自然主义体系阶段的我国刑法学,今后的发展要重视这三方面的因素。

Philosophical trends affect the theory on the constitution of crime. The German theory of criminology, as one of the important sources of the theory of constitution of crime in the continental law system, has gone through five different stages of development under the influences of different philosophical trends： naturalism, Neu - Kantism, non - rationalism, objectivism, and objective - rationalism. The various theories formed at various stages have revealed the following trends of development in criminal law： the shifting of research method from that of empiricism to that of rationalism, the expansion of the convicting methods from the formal ones to the substantive ones, and the increasing importance attached to the subjectivity of the offenders.