依法治理、官僚政治与国家治理的转型——以近代早期的法国为中心的考察

Governance in Accordance with Law

欧陆国家从中世纪到近代的转变很大程度上是治理模式的变化,即中世纪被动式的司法性治理被主动的行政性治理所取代。官僚政治的崛起、行政官僚取代司法官吏成为国家治理的核心力量正是这一新的治理模式得以建构成形的基本力量。在这一转型历程中,法律人成为近代国家急需的行政人才的中坚力量。这一变化在近代早期的法国体现得最为明显。

The transformation of the continental European countries from the Middle Age ones to the modern ones was, to a large extent, a transformation of the model of state governance, namely, the replacement of the passive judicial governance to active administrative governance. This transformation was most obvious in early modern France, in which the basic instruments of shaping the new model of state governance were the raising of the bureaucratic governance, the replacement of judicial officials by the administrative officials as the core of state governance, and the emergence of lawyers as the backbone of modem state administration.