现代性诗学的两极——马克思主义美学、文艺学与唯美主义诗学

On the Polarization of Modern Poetics——Marxist Aesthetics,Study of Literature and Aestheticist Poetics

在现代性诗学家族当中,唯美主义与马克思主义美学、文艺学处于对立的两极:唯美主义力倡文学艺术自律,强调文学艺术的批判性、革命性功能,高标文学艺术活动与科学认知行为的分野,反对文学艺术从属于社会实践。而马克思主义美学、文艺学从其主流来讲则立足于社会实践,将文学艺术活动纳入于整体性的社会规划,强调文学艺术的认知性与功利性。两相对比,前者属于典型的审美现代性诗学,而后者则基本可划归到社会现代性文化的领域。但是另一方面,两个诗学流派却又具有相同的逻辑起点以及相同的文化属性:这就是立足于现实、现世的一元意识以及鲜明的世俗化性质。而这也正是唯美主义与马克思主义尽管两相抵触但又两相关联、共同归属于现代性诗学的根本原因之所在。

In modern poetics, aestheticism is opposed to Marxist aesthetics and the study of literature. Aestheticism advocates artistic self-autonomy, artistic criticism, revolutionary function, and high literary activity, whereas Marxist aesthetics holds the key role reality plays in literary mainstream, emphasizing literary cognition and utilitarianism. The former is typically modern aesthetic poetics while the latter falls into the domain of modern social culture. On the other hand, these two are very similar in that both establish themselves in reality, unitary understanding of the world and striking mundane nature. It is this two opposing but related point that both can be ascribed into modern poetics.