试析“样式雷”的身份与职业地位

Status and Professional Position of Yang-Shi-LEI

清代样子匠的职业大致相当于皇家建筑师,以雷氏一族最为著名,即所谓“样式雷”世家。已有成果对雷氏家族的身份与职业地位仅有只言片语的表述,同时还存在一些误解。试就数年来整理样式雷图档的收获与体会,对样式雷世家的旗籍、品秩、世袭、多重身份,在皇家建筑设计中的作用,与帝后、皇族、官员、算房及营造厂商的关系等方面作简要分析。

In principle, the profession of Yang-Zi-Jiang corresponds the royal architect in the Qing Dynasty. The most famous family of Yang-Zi-Jiang is Family LEI, which is called Yang-Shi-LEI. The existing studies have only a little information on its status and professional position, together with some misunderstands. Based on some gains and experiences of the clarifying of the archives of Yang- Shi-LEI in recent years, the author tries to make a simple analysis on its situations, including the Banner attribute, the official rank, the hereditariness and their multiple status; the action in the process of the royal architectural design, the relationships with the royal court, the officials, Suan-Fang （the accountant offices） and the building manufacturers.