查尔酮合酶与查尔酮异构酶基因特征及转基因应用

Gene Characteristics and Transgenic Application of Chalcone Synthase and Chalcone Isomerase

查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶一起构成了黄酮类化合物生物合成的限速酶.底物先是由查尔酮合酶的作用形成袖皮素查尔酮化合物,然后再由查尔酮异构酶异构化成不同的黄酮类化合物.查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶广泛存在于多种植物中,涉及了苯丙氨酸代谢途径中各种具有防御性产物的生物合成,在植物的抗菌机制、抗胁迫、细胞的发育和分化、色素的积累和外源基因的表达等方面起着重要的作用.就查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶的结构特点、编码基因的克隆及序列特征、基因的表达调控以及转基因应用等方面进行了系统的综述,并对其今后进一步的研究提出了适宜的建议.

Chalcone synthase （CHS） and chalcone isomerase （CHI） are the key enzymes controlling the biosynthesis of flavonoid, for CHS can catalyze its substrate into naringenin-chalcone, which will sequentially be isomerized into flavonoid compounds by CHI. These two enzymes exist widely in most plants, and involve the biosynthesis of preventive products from phenylpropanoid pathway, hence playing an important role in the anti-fungus mechanism, stress resistance, cell development and differentiation, pigment accumulation, and exogenous gene expression in plants. In this paper, the structural traits of CHS and CHI, gene cloning and sequence characteristics, gene expression and regulation, and its transgenic application, are systematically summarized, and feasible suggestions for further researches are presented.