低温冷凉地区超高产春玉米群体生长分析研究

Researches of Analysis and Growth on Spring Maize with Super-high Yield in Cold Region

以“三合模式”为基础,从产量构成、光合性能、源库3方面对东北雨养玉米产区产量水平高于1.5×104kg/hm2的不同密度玉米群体进行研究。结果表明:在东北雨养地区玉米要获得高于1.5×104kg/hm2的产量,须选择耐密性品种,密度介于80000～87000株/hm2,叶片光能持续期长,吐丝后光合势大于2.87×106m2/(d·hm2),叶面积比率与叶面积维持在合理水平,生育期平均净同化率大于5.21g/(m2·d),营养生长时期相对生长率迅速,吐丝到灌浆期相对生长率稳定,吐丝后干物质积累量高于16192.48kg/hm2,转化率大于83.6%,经济系数维持在0.5左右。

The theory of three combination structures was composed in yield components, photosynthetic characteristics and source-sink. On the basis of the three combination structure, the population density which the yield beyond 1.5 × 10^4 kg/ha was researched in north east of China where was the rainfall harvest farming region. The results showed that the varieties were density tolerance. Plant density was from 80 000 plant/ha to 87 000 plant/ha. Leaf area duration（LAD） was higher in the stage which economic yield shaping. LAD was higher than 2.87 × 10^6 m^2（d·ha） after silking. Specific leaf area （SLA） and leaf area rate （LAR） are reasonable. Average net assimilation rate （NAR） was higher 5.21 g/（m^2·d）. The relative growth rate（RGR） growed rapidly in vegetative growth stage and growed steady from silking stage to filling stage. Dry matter accumulation after silking was higher than 16 192.48 kg/ha and transformation ratios was higher than 83.6%. The harvest index was 0.5 or so.